Body systems
Digestive System:
Parts of the digestive system are:
- Oesophagus: A muscular tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach by contracting and expanding its muscular rings inside the wall.
- Teeth: Part in your mouth where food is broken down mechanically, meaning, it only changes shape but not its components and chemicals are not added.
- Stomach: A bag where food is stored. The muscles of the stomach are continuously moving to churn and break down food. The stomach uses hydrochloric acid and enzyme pepsin to break down protein and kill bacteria. The mucus lining inside the stomach walls is present to prevent the stomach from digesting itself.
- Pancreas: The part of the digestive system where acids and chemicals, that are used to break down food, are made.
- Gall Bladder: Stores and concentrates Bile
- Liver: Filters and processes blood. The liver also detoxifies harmful substances and metabolizes nutrients.
- Large Intestine: In the Large intestine, water from waste products is absorbed.
- Small Intestine: In the Small Intestine, nutrients are absorbed from the food that is broken down. Small finger-like things called villi, on the inside walls of the small intestine contain blood vessels called capillaries in which blood flows. In the blood, the red blood cells absorb the nutrients from the food.
- Cardiac Sphincter: This valve is between the oesophagus and the stomach. It keeps food going in a single direction and stops food from coming back up the oesophagus.
- Anus: The waste product of the body exit the body via the Anus.
- Appendix: The appendix stores good bacteria and also reboots the digestive system after dysfunctions such as diarrhea.
The Circulatory System:
The parts of the circulatory system are:
- Heart: The Heart is made up of four chambers (right and left ventricles and right and left atrium) from which blood goes to the part of the body where it is supposed to go. The heart is made of Cardiac muscle and this muscle never stops which means that your heart doesn't stops doing its job. If it does then you would die.
- Blood vessels: Blood vessels carry blood to and from the heart to various parts of the body that are in need. There are three types of blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries). Arteries take blood away from the heart. They have thick walls because blood in the arteries have high blood pressure. The veins carry blood to the heart. The veins have thin wall since there is low blood pressure inside the veins. Capillaries are the smallest of the blood vessels as these go to several small places to deliver oxygen and other nutrients that are needed by our body.
- Blood: In blood there is a substance called plasma which contains red and white blood cells, as well as platelets. Red blood cells have hemoglobin in them which enables them to absorb oxygen when blood is being oxygenated. Red blood cells also absorb other nutrients. White blood cells are from the immune system and stop bacteria from coming into the blood from cut or wounds. Platelets clot and stop blood from exiting the body via cuts and wounds.